Urea, urea solution and AdBlue liquid: production, application and offerings

Urea is one of the most important chemical compounds used extensively in various industries. Thanks to its unique properties, it is used both in agriculture, the chemical industry and the energy sector. In particular, urea solutions play a key role in modern environmental protection systems, such as wastewater treatment and reduction of harmful emissions in thermal power plants.

One of the most important urea-based products is AdBlue, a high-quality urea solution used to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in diesel vehicles. At a time of increasing environmental awareness and tightening emission standards, AdBlue has become an indispensable component of the automotive and transportation industries, as well as the energy industry.

MBF Group SA, as a reputable supplier of chemical products, offers a wide range of urea and urea solutions to suit various market needs. Thanks to many years of experience, cooperation with trusted suppliers and high quality standards, the company provides products that meet European standards and expectations of the most demanding customers.

In this article, we will take a closer look at the production process of urea and its solutions, present their main applications in various industrial sectors, and discuss in detail the role of AdBlue in environmental protection. Finally, we will present MBF Group SA’s comprehensive offer, tailored to the needs of individual and business customers.

What is urea and urea solution?

Definition and chemical properties of urea

Urea, with the chemical formula CO(NH₂)₂, is a colorless, crystalline organic compound with a very high nitrogen content of up to 46.6%. It is one of the most important substances used in the chemical industry and agriculture. Urea exhibits hygroscopic properties, meaning that it readily absorbs moisture from the environment, so it requires proper storage conditions.

It dissolves well in water, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetic acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. In aqueous solutions, urea is slowly hydrolyzed to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which can be accelerated by heating or the addition of acids and bases.

Differences between solid urea and urea solution

• Solid urea: This is a crystalline form, most often found in the form of granules or prills. It is characterized by high hygroscopicity and good solubility in water and other organic solvents. Solid urea is stable under normal conditions, but can clump when wet, making it difficult to apply and transport.
• Urea solution: Formed by dissolving solid urea in water or other suitable solvents. The solution is widely used in a variety of industrial applications, including catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions in the automotive and power generation sectors. The urea solution can also hydrolyze, with the rate of hydrolysis depending on factors such as temperature and pH.

The way of industrial production

Urea production is an advanced chemical process that takes place in several key steps:

1. Ammonia synthesis (NH₃)
   The process begins with the synthesis of ammonia using the Haber-Bosch method, where nitrogen (N₂) reacts with hydrogen (H₂). The reaction takes place at 400-500°C and 150-300 bar pressure, in the presence of an iron catalyst.

Chemical reaction:
N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃

Hydrogen is mainly obtained from natural gas, while nitrogen is obtained from the air after appropriate purification and separation.

2. Urea synthesis (CO(NH₂)₂)
   In the next stage, ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide (CO₂) in reactors at a pressure of about 150-250 bar and a temperature of 180-200°C. The process takes place in two stages:

• Step 1: Formation of ammonium carbamate
  2NH₃ + CO₂ ⇌ NH₂COONH₄ (ammonium carbamate).
• Step 2: Decomposition of ammonium carbamate into urea and water
  NH₂COONH₄ ⇌ CO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O

The process requires precise control of reaction conditions to achieve maximum efficiency.

3. Condensation and crystallization
   After the synthesis process, a urea solution containing water is produced. This solution is then subjected to evaporation in a vacuum evaporation apparatus, allowing the removal of excess water without the risk of chemical decomposition.

Once concentrated, the solution is cooled, causing the urea to crystallize. Crystallization takes place in special equipment that ensures temperature control and proper crystal size.

4. Forming granules
   The resulting crystals are then processed in granulators, where they are formed into pellets of a specific size. Granulation also includes a drying process that ensures the product’s hardness and stability. The pellets are cooled, sorted and prepared for further packaging.
5. Packaging and storage
   The finished product is packaged depending on market needs – in 25 kg bags, 500-1000 kg big-bags or transported in bulk in tankers.

Urea must be stored in dry, cool and well-ventilated warehouses to prevent clumping and contamination. If transported in bulk, specialized tankers are used to provide protection from the elements.

Types of urea solutions: classification and application

Urea solutions are widely used in a variety of industries, from agriculture to the chemical industry to environmental and energy technologies. Depending on their concentration and quality, these solutions have diverse purposes and play a key role in many manufacturing and technological processes.

1. Agricultural urea (prilled and granulated)

Solid urea – prilled or granulated – is the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer in the world. It provides plants with easily assimilable nitrogen, a key ingredient for their growth and development. In agriculture, urea is used to fertilize field, horticultural, fruit and vegetable crops. The application of urea improves the nitrogen content of the soil, increasing yields and the quality of agricultural products. It can be applied directly to the soil or used as a component of fertilizer mixtures.

The benefits of using agricultural urea are invaluable. It is a fertilizer with a high concentration of nitrogen (46.6%), which ensures fast and efficient delivery of the nutrient to plants. The granular or prilled form makes it easy to apply, and the ability to dissolve in water allows it to be used as a spray. Urea supports the intensification of agricultural production, helping to increase crop yields. However, it is important that the product meets strict quality standards, especially in terms of granulation and moisture content, which minimizes the risk of clumping and loss of fertilizer properties.

2. Technical urea (aqueous solutions of various concentrations)

Technical urea is an aqueous solution of various concentrations, mainly used in the chemical and manufacturing industries. It is used in many technological processes. In the chemical industry, urea solutions are used to produce adhesives, resins, polyurethane foams, dyes and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. In the cosmetics industry, it is used as an ingredient in skin care products, such as creams, ointments and shampoos, for its moisturizing and softening properties. Urea solutions are also used in the production of cleaners and detergents, descalers, and in the paper and textile industries, where they aid in the bleaching and softening of materials.

The benefits of using technical urea are significant. Due to their high solubility and ease of mixing with other chemicals, urea solutions support the efficiency of production and technological processes. In addition, the ability to customize bracing for individual companies allows them to optimize processes and reduce production costs. Technical urea is a versatile product that is used in many industries, contributing to the development of innovative technological solutions.

3. Urea solutions in wastewater treatment and environmental protection

Urea solutions play an important role in environmental protection, especially in processes related to the neutralization of pollutants in wastewater and the reduction of harmful emissions in the energy industry. In wastewater treatment plants, urea is used to neutralize nitrogen compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater, helping to improve water quality and reduce eutrophication. In municipal treatment and water supply companies, it is used to stabilize sewage sludge and support denitrification processes, enabling the effective elimination of unwanted nitrogen compounds.

In the energy industry, especially in power plants and combined heat and power plants, urea solutions are used in NOx reduction technology (deNOx). They act as an agent to reduce nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to meet strict environmental standards and reduce harmful effects on the atmosphere. Urea is also used in the petrochemical and chemical industries to purify industrial gases and minimize harmful emissions.

The use of urea solutions in environmental protection has many benefits. Effective neutralization of nitrogen compounds and reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere translate into improved quality of life, protection of ecosystems and compliance with international environmental standards. It’s an environmentally friendly solution that supports sustainable industrial development.

4. Industrial urea (for specialized purposes)

Industrial urea is used in many specialized industrial sectors, where it is used in technological, manufacturing and research processes. In the food industry, in small quantities, it is used as a technological additive in the production of baked goods, alcoholic beverages and gelatin products. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as a raw material in the production of drugs and medicinal preparations.

In the chemical industry, urea serves as a raw material for melamine, dyes, adhesives and polymers, and is also a catalyst in a variety of chemical processes. In addition, urea is used in the production of anti-icing agents used to remove ice and snow from road surfaces, sidewalks, parking lots and airport runways.

The benefits of using industrial urea are primarily its versatility and wide range of applications. The product is of high quality, meeting strict industry standards. The ability to customize specifications to meet specific industrial needs makes it an indispensable raw material in many manufacturing processes. Industrial urea supports the development of modern technologies, contributing to the efficiency and innovation of many industrial sectors.

AdBlue – What is it, how does it work and how is it made?

AdBlue is a high-quality urea solution that plays a key role in environmental protection, especially in terms of reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel vehicles and industrial installations. It is a colorless, non-toxic liquid, consisting of 32.5% high-purity urea and 67.5% demineralized water. Due to its chemical properties, AdBlue is commonly used in an emissions reduction technology known as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR).

Chemical composition and quality standards of AdBlue

The production of AdBlue is carried out in accordance with the rigorous standards set by the ISO 22241 standard, which guarantees the product’s purity and effectiveness in reducing emissions. Key quality requirements include:

• Urea purity – the urea used must be of very high purity, with no foreign substances such as heavy metals or other chemical impurities that could adversely affect the performance of the SCR system.
• Demineralized water – the water used to produce AdBlue must be thoroughly purified of all minerals and organic matter. Even minimal impurities can reduce the effectiveness of the product or damage the catalyst.
• No contaminants – AdBlue must not contain oils, fats, metals or other foreign particles that could affect the emission reduction process or damage the SCR system.

Only a product that meets these requirements can guarantee trouble-free and efficient operation of the emission reduction system.

AdBlue production process – How is the high purity solution produced?

The production of AdBlue requires high technological precision and the use of appropriate purification procedures. The process consists of several key steps:

1. Filtration and purification of urea
   The urea used in the production of AdBlue must be of very high purity, according to the ISO 22241 standard. The raw material undergoes a multi-stage filtration process to remove all chemical and physical impurities. In this stage, heavy metals, residual salts and organic substances that could affect the quality of the final product are eliminated.
2. Demineralization and water preparation
   The water used to produce AdBlue must be completely demineralized. The water purification process includes the steps of reverse osmosis, deionization and filtration, which guarantee the removal of all ions, minerals and microorganisms. This makes it possible to obtain water of the highest quality, which is necessary to ensure the effectiveness and durability of the product.
3. Mixing the ingredients
   Once the purified components are obtained, the urea is carefully dissolved in demineralized water in the proper proportions – 32.5% urea to 67.5% water. This process is carried out in specialized mixers that ensure the homogeneity of the solution and eliminate the risk of heterogeneous mixtures.
4. Final filtration and quality control
   The finished AdBlue solution passes through additional filters that eliminate any micropollutants. The product is then subjected to detailed quality testing, including chemical analysis, purity testing and ISO 22241 compliance testing. Only after positive verification is AdBlue ready for packaging and distribution.

How does AdBlue work in an SCR system?

AdBlue is injected directly into the hot exhaust gas stream coming out of the diesel engine. At high temperature (about 200-400°C), the solution decomposes into ammonia (NH₃) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The released ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in the exhaust gas, converting them into non-toxic nitrogen (N₂) and water vapor (H₂O), which are completely safe for the environment.

Chemical reaction:
4NO + 4NH₃ + O₂ → 4N₂ + 6H₂O
6NO₂ + 8NH₃ → 7N₂ + 12H₂O

This process takes place in the presence of a specialized catalytic converter installed in the vehicle’s exhaust system. With this reaction, nitrogen oxide emissions can be reduced by up to 90%, which is key to meeting stringent environmental standards such as Euro 6.

The importance of AdBlue for environmental protection

AdBlue is one of the most important tools for supporting the reduction of atmospheric emissions. Through its use, it is possible:

• Effectively reduce NOx emissions, which are the main culprits of air pollution and smog.
• Reduce negative impacts on human health, especially in urban and industrial areas.
• Meet international environmental standards, allowing vehicles to operate throughout Europe and beyond.
• Supporting businesses in implementing policies of sustainable development and caring for the environment.

Thanks to its advanced production process, controlled quality and efficiency, AdBlue has become an indispensable component of modern transportation and industrial technologies. It’s a product that not only helps protect the environment, but also enables companies to meet stringent emission standards while supporting sustainable development and responsible production.

Application of AdBlue – Where is it used?

AdBlue, as a high-purity urea solution, is one of the key elements used in Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology. The technology effectively reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are among the most harmful pollutants produced by burning fossil fuels. The use of AdBlue spans many sectors, from road transportation to heavy industry to energy.

AdBlue in road transport

The most common area of application for AdBlue is road transportation, where it is used in vehicles equipped with diesel engines , such as trucks, buses and cars.

In the case of trucks and buses, AdBlue is a key ingredient for meeting stringent emission standards, such as Euro 6, which apply within the European Union. Thanks to the use of AdBlue, these vehicles are able to effectively reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 90%, which not only protects the environment, but also avoids high financial penalties associated with exceeding emission limits.

AdBlue is also used in modern diesel passenger cars. Modern vehicle designs are equipped with AdBlue tanks that allow the solution to be dosed in appropriate amounts depending on the intensity of vehicle operation. The injection of AdBlue into the exhaust system allows for effective neutralization of NOx, which not only improves the environmental performance of the vehicle, but also promotes its fuel efficiency.

Thanks to the widespread availability of AdBlue at gas stations and the simplicity of SCR systems, its use in road transportation has become a standard in the fight for cleaner air and a healthier environment.

AdBlue in sea and rail transport

Nitrogen oxide emissions are also a significant problem in maritime and rail transportation. In the maritime sector, especially on large cargo and passenger ships, the burning of fossil fuels emits huge amounts of NOx. In response to stringent international standards, such as IMO Tier III, many vessels have been equipped with SCR systems that use AdBlue to reduce harmful gas emissions.

In the case of rail transportation, AdBlue is mainly used in diesel locomotives that run on routes not equipped with a catenary. By injecting AdBlue into a locomotive’s exhaust system, NOx emissions can be effectively reduced, helping to improve air quality in urban and rural areas through which railroads run.

In both of these sectors, the use of AdBlue not only supports the implementation of environmental policies, but also enables shipping and rail companies to meet international emission standards, which is essential for operating in the global market.

AdBlue in industry – power generators and construction machinery

AdBlue also plays an important role in industry, where it is used in machinery and equipment with diesel engines , such as power generators, excavators, loaders, dozers and other construction machinery.

Diesel power generators used on construction sites, in the energy industry or in public utilities must meet stringent emission standards. SCR systems using AdBlue make it possible to effectively neutralize nitrogen oxides, which not only protects the environment, but also extends the life of machines and reduces fuel consumption.

Similarly, in the construction industry, where machines operate in harsh conditions, reducing emissions is particularly important. AdBlue helps reduce emissions of harmful gases, which benefits both workers on the construction site and the environment. Many countries have local regulations limiting exhaust emissions from construction machinery, so the use of AdBlue has become a standard to enable projects to be carried out in accordance with environmental standards.

AdBlue in power plants and combined heat and power plants

AdBlue is also used in large industrial installations, such as power plants and combined heat and power plants, which are among the largest sources of nitrogen oxide emissions. The process of burning coal, natural gas or biomass generates significant amounts of NOx, which must be effectively neutralized to meet environmental standards.

SCR systems used in power plants and combined heat and power plants require the use of premium urea solutions, such as AdBlue, which is dosed directly into the exhaust gas stream. This process allows the conversion of harmful nitrogen oxides into neutral nitrogen and water, reducing the negative impact on the atmosphere.

The use of AdBlue in the energy industry brings numerous benefits – not only ecological, but also economic. Reducing NOx emissions avoids penalties for exceeding environmental standards, increases the efficiency of the combustion process and minimizes costs associated with servicing and operating the plant. Moreover, meeting emission standards is a prerequisite for making energy investments and obtaining subsidies from programs that support sustainable development.

MBF Group SA offer – Urea and AdBlue

MBF Group SA, as a renowned supplier of chemical products, offers a wide range of urea and AdBlue solutions tailored to meet the diverse needs of customers in the industrial, agricultural and automotive sectors. Our offer includes products of the highest quality, meeting European standards, with a guarantee of safety and timely delivery.

The price offer is valid as of March 16, 2025. For the most up-to-date information on prices, terms of cooperation and product availability, please contact our office.

1. Urea – Types and prices

MBF Group SA offers three main grades of urea, which differ in purpose and quality parameters. Each of these products is available at competitive prices, with individually negotiable terms for large orders.

• Grade ‘A’ (Automotive Technical) – from 450 EUR/MT
  This type of urea has the highest purity and is designed for the production of AdBlue solutions used in SCR emission reduction systems. The product meets ISO 22241 quality standards, which guarantees its effectiveness and safe use.
• Grade ‘B’ (Technical) – from 425 EUR/MT
  Technical urea is used in the chemical industry, in the production of resins, adhesives, dyes, and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Its high quality and versatility make it an ideal raw material for a wide range of industrial processes.
• Agricultural Grade ‘B’-from 425 EUR/MT
  This is urea for the agricultural sector, used as one of the most effective nitrogen fertilizers. Its high nitrogen content (46.6%) allows it to effectively promote plant growth and development, increasing yields and improving soil quality.

Ability to customize orders and imports on special request
MBF Group SA offers flexible terms of cooperation, allowing orders to be tailored to individual customer needs. It is possible to import urea on special request, including imports from dedicated sources, with the highest standards of quality and timely delivery.

Delivery, storage and logistics conditions
We provide comprehensive logistics services, including transportation of urea to the designated place of collection in Poland and the European Union. The product is delivered in bulk, in big-bags or in customized packaging. Urea is stored under proper storage conditions, which guarantees its highest quality and absence of clumping.

2. AdBlue – Available packages and prices

We offer AdBlue in various packaging formats to suit the needs of both large companies and individual customers.

• 5L container – from €3.05/unit.
  Ideal for individual users, owners of passenger cars with SCR systems.
• 10L container – from €3.95/unit.
  A practical solution for smaller vehicle fleets, allowing easy product application.
• 210L barrel – from €89.50/unit.
  Dedicated to medium-sized transportation companies and garages.
• IBC 1000L – from €319/unit.
  Most often chosen by large transportation and industrial companies, providing convenience for higher volumes of consumption.
• Bulk – from €0.26/litre
  Ideal for large industrial plants, power plants and combined heat and power plants where AdBlue consumption is significant and regular.

Information on availability and delivery logistics
Products are available for permanent sale, and orders are fulfilled in the shortest possible time, with full logistical support. We provide transportation on DAP (Delivered At Place) terms, guaranteeing safe and timely delivery directly to the customer. For larger orders, we offer attractive pricing terms and flexible delivery options.

3. Why choose MBF Group SA?

MBF Group SA is a proven and experienced partner in the chemical industry, whose offer is characterized by high quality products and a comprehensive approach to customer needs.

• Guarantee of quality and compliance with European standards
  All products offered by MBF Group SA meet stringent quality standards, including ISO 22241 for AdBlue and requirements related to urea storage and transportation. The products are regularly tested and certified to ensure their safety and effectiveness in various industrial and agricultural applications.
• Flexibility in order fulfillment
  We are open to the individual needs of our customers. We provide the ability to customize the terms of the order, including quantity, type of packaging and logistical conditions. We guarantee fast turnaround times, and for large orders we offer attractive pricing terms.
• Experience and confidence in the international market
  MBF Group SA is a well-established company in the European and international markets. Our experience in the chemical trade and knowledge of international standards enable us to fulfill even the most demanding orders. We operate in accordance with business ethics, building long-term relationships with partners and customers.

Summary and invitation to cooperation

High-quality urea and urea solutions are products that play a key role in many sectors of the economy – from agriculture and the chemical industry to transportation, energy and environmental protection. Urea in granular and prilled form is a basic nitrogen fertilizer that effectively promotes plant growth and development, increasing yields and improving soil quality.

Urea solutions, on the other hand, are available in various concentrations and have a wide range of industrial applications. Of particular importance in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission reduction technology is AdBlue, a high-purity urea solution that is essential for modern SCR systems used in the road, marine, rail and energy industries. However, this is not the only type of urea solution. Other concentrations are used in wastewater treatment plants, industrial plants, waterworks, power plants, thermal power plants and in the production of chemicals, resins, adhesives and cleaning agents. Thanks to their versatility, urea solutions support both environmental protection and the efficiency of production processes.

The use of certified and European-compliant products translates not only into production efficiency, reduced operating costs or increased yields, but also into environmental protection and compliance with strict emission standards. MBF Group SA offers products that guarantee the highest quality, safety and compliance with international standards, which makes us a reliable partner for companies looking for solid and proven solutions.

Feel free to contact us and place orders. Our specialists will be happy to answer any questions, provide a detailed quotation and advise you on the best solutions to suit your individual needs.